Natural remedies and alterative medication have been used from ancient time for the treatment and wellbeing of
human. Medicinal plants are considered to be effective and for most important for the above purposes. The Mother Nature has
provided us with a huge count of flora and fauna. Some of the natural medicinal plants are so common that we use them in
daily life without knowing their medicinal importance. Annona squamosa is the best example of it. The leaves are used as a
vermicide, for treating cancerous tumors and are applied to abscesses, insect bites and other skin complaints. The fruit of this
plant is commonly known as custard apple which is eatable. Powdered seeds are used to kill head-lice and fleas but care
should be taken that the powder does not come in contact with the eyes as this causes great pain. Scrapings of root-bark are
used for toothache. This review article is a sincere effort to put traditional uses of Annona squamosa.

Anthelmintics are a class of antiparasitic medications that work by stunning or killing parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites to expel them from the body without inflicting major harm to the host. The anthelmintic activity of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser leaf and bark extract was investigated using the R.G.mali et al. method. al. Because of their morphological and physiological similarities to human intestinal parasites, the anthelmintic activity of adult Indian earthworms, round worms, and tapeworms was tested. Pharmacological investigations of the various extracts revealed that they all had anti-anthelmintic efficacy to differing degrees

Bacteriophages contribute to phenotypic variation and virulence in microbial populations. Specifically, the filamentous bacteriophage Pf4, akin to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1's biofilm formation mechanism, promotes the emergence of small-colony variants (SCVs). Patients afflicted with cystic fibrosis, harboring SCVs, exhibit heightened antibiotic resistance and deteriorated lung function. Besides Pf5 filamentous prophages, Pf4-like and Pf1-like prophages are also present. Notably, P. aeruginosa PA14, proficient in SCV formation within biofilms, underwent investigation regarding the involvement of Pf5 in SCV development under static cultures. Immunoblotting analysis failed to detect the Pf5 major coat protein in PA14 SCV cultures, indicating low Pf5 filamentous phage levels. SCV colonies or cultures lacked CoaB expression, further supporting the diminished presence of Pf5. Mutant strains incapable of producing Pf5 RF exhibited SCV formation rates comparable to wild-type strains, suggesting Pf5's dispensability for SCV induction. Interestingly, CF1 filamentous phages were found to inhibit SCV emergence across 48 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa