The objective of the present study was to evaluate the stem extracts of Acacia Torta (Roxb.) Craib were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in albino wistar rats using indomethacin as a reference drug. Ethanol and water were used to prepare stem extract by soxhlet extraction method. The extract is evaluated by using carrageenan induced inflammation model in albino Wistar rats at the dose of 100 mg/kg/p.o. and 400 mg/kg/p.o.and indomethacin at 10 mg/kg were used for the study. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema model in Wistar albino rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was found to be dose dependent in carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The hydro alcoholic extract of stem Acacia Torta (Roxb.) Craib revealed significant anti inflammatory activity and shown inhibition of paw oedema, 54.51% at 100 mg/kg/p.o and 54.45% at 400 mg/kg/p.o. The results of the present study suggest that stem of Acacia Torta (Roxb.) Craib possess significant level of anti-inflammatory activity and it was found to possess anti-inflammatory activity. Keywords: Acacia Torta (Roxb.) Craib, Anti-inflammatory, Stem extract.

The present study deals with pharmacognostical evaluation of an official Siddha formulation “Nochi Kudineer”. The ingredients of this formulation were collected, authenticated by a taxonomist and Pharmacognostic evaluation such as macroscopy, microscopy, fluorescence powder analysis; physio-chemical constants were done as a botanical way of standardization. Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides, and saponins. Further the isolated ethanolic extract is subjected to GC-MS studies to find out the exact phytomolecule structure and their formula. From the GC-MS instrument analysis, it was confirmed that the extract consists of Piperine (C17H19NO3) and Piperidine,1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxal-5-yl)-1-oxopentyl]- (C17H23NO3). This kind of identification might be valuable to lay down the Pharmacopoeial standards of herbal drugs. A descriptive in-vitro anti-inflammatory method by protein denaturation was performed from the extract of “Nochi kudineer” A statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity was from the aqueous extracts of Nochi kudineer and it may be developed as a potential lead to combat the inflammatory disorders. Keywords: Nochi kudineer, Piperine, GC-MS.

Despite a meticulous surgical procedure, a minor lesion of these nerves may cause discomfort. There is a 35 percent -50 percent chance of de-winding numbness, pain, or paraesthesia. In the prospective randomized trial, a total of 60 patients were enrolled, half in the local anaesthetic wound infusion and half in the regular (piritramide) community. In the recovery room and on the first day after surgery, less acute and chronic pain and lower intake of piritramide and metoclopramide were recorded in the wound infusion of the local anaesthetic group, but their alertness after the surgery was higher compared to the regular group. After axillary lymphadenectomy in patients with breast carcinoma, local anaesthetic wound infusion decreases acute pain and allows for decreased opioid intake, resulting in less postoperative sedation and a reduced need for antiemetic medications. There is a statistical pattern for chronic pain relief following wound infusion of local anaesthetic.

Acute appendicitis is diagnosed in 1–8% of pediatric patients who are evaluated for abdominal pain and is the most common cause of urgent abdominal surgery in children. There are several characteristics that distinguish pediatric appendicitis from adult appendicitis. Perforation is common in pediatric appendicitis, with a perforation rate of 22–62 percent, which is especially high in young children. In adult patients, it has also been discovered to have a higher prevalence of appendicolith than appendicitis. An appendicolith is a stony faces concretion that can obstruct the appendix and cause acute appendicitis. The prevalence of appendicolith in pediatric appendicitis has reached 50% thanks to advanced diagnostic techniques, including radiologic modalities such as computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study, we looked into the characteristics of appendicoliths found on CT in children with appendicitis, as well as their clinical significance in terms of appendiceal perforation. Between January 2017 and June 2017, we conducted a retrospective study of children and adolescents under the age of 17 who visited our pediatric emergency department (ED). The patients were identified using our patient registration system's ED diagnosis of acute appendicitis by reviewing electronic medical records, patient data was gathered and analyzed. Our institutional review board gave its approval to this study. There have recently been reports of CT dose reduction studies in patients with suspected appendicitis. The mean effective dose in a previous study of pediatric suspected appendicitis was 5.1 3.0 mSv in standard-dose CT scans and 3.3 1.7 mSv in low-dose CT scans. The mean effective dose in our current study was 2.4 1.2 mSv, which was significantly lower than the low-dose CT scans used in their study. To overcome these limitations, well-designed prospective studies using radiation-free imaging modalities such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging should be implemented.

Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia are hematological disorders affecting individuals of all ages, potentially impacting bone health, particularly in children. This cross-sectional study assessed bone health in 34 sickle cell patients and 28 patients with hereditary spherocytosis. Various measures including medical history, radiographic imaging, and biochemical analysis were utilized. Results indicated that a significant portion (85%) of participants had insufficient levels of serum 25 OH-vitamin D (<20ng/ml), indicative of inadequate vitamin D supply. Additionally, 31% reported experiencing bone pain. A notable disparity in RANKL/OPG ratios was observed between controls and patients (0.86 ± 0.07 for controls vs. 0.26 ± 0.2 for patients, P = 0.0007). Furthermore, significant differences in osteocalcin levels were noted between healthy controls and patients with osteomalacia. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed significant correlations between osteocalcin levels and LDH (partial r2 = 0.29), diagnosis of hemolytic anemia (partial r2 = 0.05), and age (partial r2 = 0.03). Overall, homozygous sickle cell patients exhibited better bone health compared to patients with hereditary spherocytosis. The study underscores the adverse impact of anemia on bone health in children, potentially attributed to osteocalcin deficiency and RANKL/OPG imbalance