The aim of the study is to evaluate the antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of Waltheria indica against pyloric ligated (Shay) rat ulcer model. Waltheria indica belongs to Sterculiaceae traditionally used for various ailments worldwide. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group 1 as control, group 2 as reference control received Omeprazole (10mg/kg) and group 3 & 4 were received 200 and 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Waltheria indica respectively. All the test drugs were administered once daily for 3 days by oral administration. Gastric ulcer was induced by ligating the pyloric region under anaesthesia. Four after pyloric ligation, the animals were sacrificed and the stomach were excised and observed for ulcer index. Omeprazole, both the doses of aqueous extract of Waltheria indica showed significant decrease in ulcer index. From the result it was conclude that, aqueous extract of Waltheria indica exhibited antiulcer activity in pyloric ligated (Shay) rat ulcer model.

Mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria, Japanese encephalitis (JE), lymphatic filariasis and dengue, are major public health concerns in the Andhra Pradesh, deterring equitable socioeconomic and industrial development. Among these, malaria and JE are the predominant infections and are spread across the state. The incidence of malaria is, however, gradually receding, with a consistent decline in cases over the past few years, although entry and spread of artemisin in-resistant Plasmodium falciparum remains a real threat in the country. Control of these diseases requires robust disease surveillance and integrated vector management on a sustained basis, ensuring universal coverage of evidence-based key interventions based on sound epidemiological data. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the status of vector borne diseases in Andhra Pradesh and to address the key challenges. One of the most common problems associated with the poorly designed landfills and poorly managed solid waste is that it leads to attraction of large number of vectors such as female Anopheles, which is responsible for the proliferation of breeding sites of mosquitoes causing Vector borne diseases such as Malaria.. The present study was carried out through survey and conducted for about 250 houses in six prone areas of vectors in Vijayawada. These areas mainly included Singh nagar Vombay Colony, Chintugunta. Ranigarithota, One Town, areas near Chlorea hospital which includes hilly mountains areas, Vidhyadharipuram, etc.. Here identification of vectors was carried out in fresh water, drains, drainage using sampling techniques. This helped in detection of mosquitoes. Subsequently control measures were carried out in peri-domestic places.

ABSTRACT Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) is a popular kitchen spice which is routinely used as home remedy for the management of a wide range of GIT disorders. From ancient times, Ajowan is employed as a nephro-protective agent, but there is no sufficient scientific work has been done in this area. So, present study is designed to explore the nephro-protective potential of Trachyspermum ammi seed powder (TASP). A total of 60 swiss mice were employed in this study. Kidney damage was induced by administering gentamicin (800 mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 10 days. TASP was incorporated along with diet for successive 10 days simultaneously at 0.5% w/w, 1.0% w/w and 2.0% w/w concentrations. Levels of serum cretanine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were estimated. The mechanism of action was studied by estimating malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in kidney homogenates in order to evaluate the degree of lipid peroxidation. Histopathological studies were also done to confirm the biochemical changes. Simultaneous treatment of TASP leaded to reversal of nephro-toxicity induced by gentamicin as indicated by significant fall in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine. Histopathological studies revealed that the TASP reversed the structural degeneration induced by gentamicin administration. TASP has also reversed the lipid peroxidation indicated by significant decrease in MDA level and increase in GSH level. From the study, it can be sum up that the TASP protected the kidneys from gentamicin damage. Probable mechanism of action is by protection against oxidative damage by gentamicin. Keywords: Trachyspermum ammi, Ajowan, Kidney, Nephro-protective, Gentamicin.

ABSTRACT Rice during its storage contaminate with various microorganisms especially in the tropical countries. Four such bacterial contaminants B1, B2, B3, and B4 were isolated and the extracts were evaluated for behavioral and locomotor activity in mice. Where B2 developed stereotype significantly and B1 extract had with a high significance Though B2 showed a significant change in stereotype behavior but the result of B1 showed a high significant development of stereotype. The B1 extract showed reduction in reactivity and locomotor activity which were of great significance. There was certain inhibition in the CNS activity observed in mice. The future studies of microbial and chemical characterization of the extract isolated in the microorganisms will reflect the mechanism of action. Keywords: Rice; Microbial Extracts; Blind Screening; Mice.

ABSTRACT Improving the methods of burn wound healing and tissue repair offers tremendous opportunities to enhance the quality of life for burn patients. Nifedipine was found to enhance healing in regular and steroid suppressed wounds in albino rats. A partial thickness burn wound was employed using Wistar albino rats (180–250gm) under ketamine anesthesia. In batch ‘A’, nifedipine group showed significant improvement in burn wound contraction (80.0±0.1%) on 12th day and significant reduction in period of epithelialization (12.5±0.3days) when compared to control (60.8±0.4% and 21.8±0.1days) and SSD groups (68.8±0.3% and 16.6±0.3days). In batch ‘B’, the D+N group (82.8±0.8%) showed significant improvement in burn wound contraction on 16th day and significant reduction in period of epithelialization (18.1±0.3days) when compared to D+C (63.8±0.3% and 27.3±0.2days) and D+SSD groups (69.5±0.4% and 22.0±0.2days). Histopathological examination of the tissue specimens showed abundant bands of fibrocollagenous tissue with dilated blood vessels in nifedipine group when compared to control and SSD groups. D+N group showed moderate degree of fibrocollagenous tissue in comparison with D+C and D+SSD groups. Topical application of nifedipine was found to significantly improve healing in regular and steroid suppressed burn wounds. It could be used to enhance wound healing, especially if wound healing is suppressed by steroids. Keywords: Burn wound, wound healing, nifedipine, dexamethasone, wound contraction, epithelialization.