ABSTRACT

The intention with the suicidal thoughts, hair dye (super vasmol-33) poisoning cases are increasing in many parts of world to free their souls. Hence we felt it as a social need to conduct this type of study. Objective to understand the prevalence of ―Vasmol‖ poisoning cases and to analyze the presenting features, clinical course and their outcome in general medicine and emergency units of a tertiary care teaching hospital. This is a Prospective observational Study conducted for a period of six months. Any adult individual who consumed the vasmol poison intentionally were included as the study subjects. A total number of 380 vasmol poisoning cases have been collected. Out of them, 168(44.21%) cases were in the age group of 11-20 years, 120 (31.57%) were in between 21-30 years. 347 (91.31%) patients were illiterates. Out of 380 cases, 258 (67.89%) were recovered with the supportive therapy, 14 (3.68%) were died and 83 (21.84%) were referred to higher institution for better treatment. The death rate was found to be 1:27 i.e. out of every 27 cases 1 death was observed. Out of 14 deaths, 8 were due to cardio-respiratory failure, 3 were due to Myocarditis, 1 due to cardiac arrest, and 2 were due to acute renal failure. Vasmol hair dye ingestion is a life threatening condition and is a serious social issue to be addressed immediately. Early recognition, prompt referral, and supportive therapy are the factors on which clinical outcomes depend.

Keywords: Vasmol Poisoning, Super vasmol 33, Outcomes of vasmol poisoning.

ABSTRACT

Management of diabetes mellitus is a global concern and successful treatment is very essential for preventing or at least delaying the onset of long-term complications of the disorder. It is believed that the traditional medicines used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus to attenuate the progression of complications of the disease. The search for the effective herbal drugs for the treatment of diabetes based on ethno medical clues still continues and in the long run has yielded us invaluable herbal remedies. To prove the ethno medical use of such folkloric traditional medicines, we have selected such ethno botanically important Caesalpinia sappan Linn, a plant used in the traditional systems of medicine in India for various uses. Methanolic extract of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. (MECS) was used at two dose levels 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight and administered orally for 21 days to Alloxan induced diabetic rats. They significantly (p<0.001) reduced the blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and regulation in serum total proteins levels when compared with the standard Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Alloxan, Caesalpinia sappan Linn., Glibenclamide.

ABSTRACT The dorsal surface of tongue shows the lingual papillae. On the basis of their appearance four types of papillae can be distinguished – filiform, fungiform, circumvallate and foliate papillae. Filiform, lenticular and conical papillae possess a protective and mechanical function. The fungiform, foliate and vallate papillae are related to taste Perception. Taste buds on the mammalian tongue are confined to the epithelium of three types of gustatory papillae: the fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate. Aim to study the comparative gross morphology and histology of mammalian tongues with routine. Objectives to study the gross morphological characteristic features and histological pattern of tongue with special reference to the distribution of papillae. 10 cadaveric tongues of human, buffalo with 10 specimens and goat with 12 specimens each and tissue from anti 2/3, sulcus terminalis ,lateral area , post. 1/3 pharyngeal, & at the root areas of the tongue are taken for histological studies. All the samples are fixed in Bouin’s fluid. After paraffin-embedding, 5-7 micron thick are cut and mounted serially and stained with H and E stain. The following significant points are noted. In buffalo, the anterior part of the tongue is longer. Intermolar eminence is present in the tongue of buffalo and goat. The dorsum of human tongue is divided into an anterior (oral) part and a posterior (pharyngeal) part by a V-shaped sulcus terminalis. In buffalo and goat, the anterior part of the tongue is longer. Intermolar eminence is present in the tongue of buffalo and goat. The dorsum of human tongue is divided into an anterior (oral) part and a posterior (pharyngeal) part. The length of oral part is double than the pharyngeal part. The various papillae were noted in human and buffalo and goat. All of the circumvallate, foliate papillae and most of the fungiform papillae bear taste buds. Keywords: Human Tongue, Papillae, Intermolar eminence, Sulcus terminalis, Bouin’s fluid.

ABSTRACT This descriptive cross-sectional study. Was carried out to determine the prevalence of urinary Schistosomasis in Alrahma quarter, Elobied city. From the 300 persons randomly selected urine samples were collected and examined age between 4years to and 70years.Were processed by ordinary centrifugal sedimentation technique. 15(5%) were positive for S. haematobium ova. Higher prevalence was recorded among students (6.5%) followed by farmers (2.6%). housewives (2.2%). Among the students, all infected were boys, while the girls were not infected. The infection varied is insignificant among the various age and occupational groups (p<0.05), Males had higher infection rate (6.3%) than the females (1.2%). Keywords: Schistosomasis, Alrahma,

ABSTRACT Since time immortal Epilepsy is a common neurological disorders affecting people across all nationalities. It is estimated that 1% of the world population has epilepsy and it is considered as the second most common neurological disorder next to stroke. The currently used AED medication is associated with many side effects & recurrence of seizures as the therapy discontinued. So, it’s high time to search remedies from the traditional treasure which may be proven as safe & effective antiepileptic agent. The present study was designed to investigate the antiepileptic potential of Coleus amboinicus Lour. on Audiogenic and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model in rats. Total 50 Albino rats of wistar strain of either sex weighing between100-180g were used in the study. For each model animals were divided into 5 groups each having 10 rats. Fresh juice of Parnayavani i.e.Coleus amboinicus (2ml/rat) was given in one group while the other group receives Aqueous & alcoholic extract of Parnayavani (500mg/bw p.o.). Phenytoin (25 mg/kg bw i.p.) served as standard drug for comparision where as control group receives distil water as vehicle. In Audiogenic model delayed in time of onset of convulsion was taken as end point & in PTZ model antiepileptic effect was evaluated by the presence or absence of clonic seizures & total duration of seizure episode. CALJ & CAalE was having highest efficacy as antiepileptic drug in comparison to CAaqE in Audiogenic model where as in PTZ model CAaqE C was more potent than its CALJ & CAalE. Coleus amboinicus leaf juice and extracts shows anticonvulsant & neuroprotective activity & thus can be effectively used for treatment of epileptic seizures. Keywords: Epilepsy, Audiogenic, PTZ, Parnayavani, seizures.

ABSTRACT The present study is an investigation of anticonvulsant activity of the methanol leaves extract of Sorghum vulgare L. in rats and in order to verify the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of epilepsy. The maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and the pentyleneterazole (PTZ) models were used for assessing the anticonvulsant effects of the methanol leaves extract in rats. The methanol extract of Sorghum vulgare L. (250 & 500 mg/kg p.o) of that produced significant protection against MES & PTZ-induced convulsion and onset of seizures compared with the control group in rats. The results obtained from this study indicate that the methanol leaves extract of Sorghum vulgare L. may be beneficial in both absence and tonic clonic seizures. Keywords: Sorghum vulgare L., Rats, Anticonvulsant, Pentylenetetrazole, MES.

ABSTRACT The present study is an investigation of anti-anaemic and anti-allergic activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Ziziphus jujuba fruits. Anaemia was induced by the administration of phenylhydrazine. Oral administration of aqueous and methanolic extracts at two dose levels (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration when compared to the anemic control rats. Similarly, both extracts were evaluated for anti-allergic activity against milk induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Administration of Ziziphus jujuba fruit extracts significantly inhibited the milk-induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis when compared with allergic control mice. Results obtained thus validate the traditional claim of the Ziziphus jujuba utilization in the treatment of anaemic and allergic conditions. Keywords: Ziziphus jujuba, Anti-anaemic, Anti-allergic, Phenylhydrazine, Eosinophilia, Leucocytosis.

ABSTRACT Wolbachia have established a mutualistic association with filarial nematodes and has a phenomenal implication in its normal development, reproduction and survival. Elimination of Wolbachia by tetracycline class of antibiotic compounds have been suggested and successfully implemented for the treatment of lymphatic filarial parasites. Thereby, is necessary to assess the prevalence of the Wolbachia in B. malayi before such new strategies are employed, across the world. In the present communication, the presence of Wolbachia and phylogenetic affiliation in B. malayi collected from Sevagram, Maharashtra, India, has been addressed. Keywords: Wolbachia, Lymphatic filarial parasites.

ABSTRACT Acacia nilotica (L) related to (family Fabaceae-Mimosoideae). The division of Acacia nilotica is Magnolophyta and class is Magnolipsida. The genus is Acacia and species is nilotica. The ailments treated by this plant include colds, congestion, fever, gallbladder, hemorrhage, hemorrhoids, leucorrhoea, ophthalmic, sclerosis and small pox. Acacia bark is drunk for intestinal pains and used for treating acute diarrhea. Other preparations are used for gargle, toothache, ophthalmic and syphilitic ulcers. The roots of Acacia are used to treat Tuberculosis. This study was carried out to evaluate antigiardial activity (Giardia lamblia), antioxidant (DPPH assay) and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of ethanol extract of A. nilotica (leaves). The ethanol extracts of A. nilotica (leaves) was screened for its antigiardial activites (Giardia lamblia), antioxidant screening for their free radical scavenging properties using 2.2Di (4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), while propyl galate was used as standard antioxidant and screened for their cytotoxicity using 3- (4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), was obtained from A. nilotica (leaves) ethanol extract which exhibited 100% mortality within 96 h, at a concentration 500 μg/ml; this was compared with Metronidazole which gave 96% inhibition at concentration 312.5 μg/ml at the same time. The tested antioxidant activity gave (65 ± 0.04 RSA%) in comparison to the control of propylgalate levels (88 ± 0.07RSA%) And MTT assay verified the safety of the examined extract. In conclusion: These studies conducted for both A. nilotica (leaves) was proved to have potent activities against Giardia lamblia trophozoites in vitro. Keywords: In vitro, Antigiardial activity (Giardia lamblia), Metronidazole, Antioxidant activity (DPPH), Cytotoxicity activity (MTT-assay), Acacia nilotica (leaves), Sudan.

The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects various organ systems. Clinical symptoms might range from moderate musculoskeletal disease to life-threatening involvement of the kidneys, central neurological system, respiratory system, and haematological system.. SLE associated with pulmonary artery hypertension, on the other hand, continues to have a greater rate (PAH).Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a collection of illnesses with a poor prognosis, which can lead to right heart dilation and failure. It's defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of more than 25 mmHg at rest, as determined during a right cardiac catheterization. Based on etiologies and pathophysiology, the World Health Organization (WHO) has divided PH into five distinct categories. A 32-year-old female patient came to her for the first time. A primary care physician who has been seeing patients with progressively worsening symptoms. For a period of two months, experienced worsening shortness of breath (SOB) with exertion and bilateral lower extremities edoema. No fevers, chills, orthopnea, joint aches, myalgias, or other symptoms were mentioned. Arthralgias are pains in the joints. For a comparable duration, she experienced occasional chest pain with exertion. Her medical history included the following: Losartan was just prescribed for her hypertension. Severe PAH is a rare early symptom of SLE. The prognosis for these patients is bleak. Improvements in the availability of treatment treatments has enhanced survival; yet. The death rate is still very high. The importance of prompt recognition cannot be overstated and paramount importance, as early treatment can save lives to enhance the prognosis of these individuals.