In the present work explore the folkloric reported cough suppressant activity of the bark of the Acacia nilotica. The
macroscopic evaluation revealed yellow colored velvety flowers, bipinnate leaves with hairy axis and reddish brown bark. The
microscopic evaluation of the transverse section of the bark revealed thick epidermis whereas the powder characteristics
exhibited xylem vessels and starch granules. The results obtained from phytochemical testing of the successive solvent
extracts of the barks of Acacia nilotica revealed the presence of alkaloids in the aqueous extracts. Phenols and tannins were
obtained in the ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extracts whereas flavonoids were obtained in the ethyl acetate extract
and methanolic extract. On the basis of the qualitative phytochemical analysis results it was evident that the major portions of
the phytochemicals especially tannins, saponins, flavonoids and triterpenoids were present in the ethyl acetate and methanolic
extracts of the bark of Acacia nilotica. These two extracts were evaluated for antitussive action in mice using ammonium
liquor induced cough and sulfur dioxide induced cough models at two different dose levels (250 and 500 mg/kg, po).The
results indicate that the bark extract of Acacia nilotica demonstrated antitussive effect in in vivo experimental models by
prolonging the latency period of coughing and also reducing the frequency of coughing bouts in mice. The increase in latency
as well as the decrease in the frequency of coughing bouts occurred in a dose dependent fashion in both the extracts. It was
obvious from the results that the antitussive action was much more significant in the methanolic extract as compared to the
ethyl acetate extract. The dose of 500 mg/kg of the methanolic extract was able to suppress the coughing bouts comparable to
the standard drug codeine phosphate in the both the experimental models.

Circadian rhythms are synchronized according to internal biological clocks related to the sleep cycle. This cycle is
coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus and controls important biological processes, including sleep-wake cycle, hormone
secretion, body temperature regulation, feeding/energy homeostasis and cell-cycle regulation. Clock gene is an essential
regulator of circadian rhythms. These clocks composed of autoregulatory transcription/translation feedback loops of the
expression of central clock gene especially CLOCK and BMAL-1. Disruption of these clock gene leads to various metabolic
disorders such as obesity and Type II diabetes mellitus. Various factor such as molecular, physiological and behavioral level
affect the Type II diabetes mellitus.

Pacifiers are devices which babies can suck on to help them calm down and sooth them when they cry, get restless or
are struggling to sleep. These are made of a silicon or rubber teat which is attached to a plastic shield, which stops the baby
from swallowing or choking on it while being helpful in handling the device. These are generally used to replace the mother’s
nipple and facilitate and medium for sucking which helps the mother take a break from breastfeeding. When babies suck on a
pacifier, toy or thumb, it's called non-nutritive sucking (as it yields no nutrition). Pacifier use during the child’s sleep has been
associated with the prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome [SIDS] and has been said to help babies learn to control their
feelings, relax them, and make them feel secure. Pacifier use has been reported to be associated with a reduced risk of sudden
infant death syndrome (SIDS), but most countries around the world, including the United States, have been reluctant to
recommend the use of pacifiers because of concerns about possible adverse effects. In this review we shall see the different
types of pacifiers, the materials used in their manufacture, the complications arising by their use, and the role they play in
preventing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome [SIDS]