ABSTRACT

Primary brain tumors have a significant infiltrative capacity as their reappearance after resection usually occurs within 2 cm of the tumor margin. Local delivery method such as Convection-Enhanced Delivery (CED) has been introduced to avoid this recurrence by delivering active molecules via positive-pressure Methods and discuss the technical approach of CED with regard to catheter design and brain characteristics; secondly, we will describe the ‘ideal’ nanocarrier in terms of size, surface properties, and interaction with the extracellular matrix for optimal diffusion in the brain parenchyma. We also discuss preclinical and clinical applications of this new method. The role of PET in the visualization of the biological characteristics of the tumours: proliferation (FLT-PET), hypoxia (FMISO-PET) and angiogenesis/ peptide expression (RGD-PET) should be investigated in future studies.

Keywords: Convection-enhanced delivery, Nanocarrier, Anticancer treatment Glioblastoma, Viral vectors, Suicide genes, Brain tumors, Radiation treatment planning.

ABSTRACT

The present study was done to evaluate the antiurolithiatic effect of ethanolic extract of roots (ELC 200mg/kg) and oleanolic acid (O.A. 60 mg/kg, O.A. 80 mg/kg, O.A. 100 mg/kg) isolated from roots of Lantana camara on Glycolic Acid-induced Urolithiasis in Rats. Oxalate urolithiasis was produced by the addition of 3% glycolic acid to the diet for a period for 42 days. Glycolic acid treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of calcium and oxalate in the kidney as well as in the total kidney weight. Also, the urinary levels of calcium, oxalate and inorganic phosphorus were increased. Oleanolic acid treatment at a dose 60 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and ethanolic extract of roots at a dose 200mg/kg for 42 days revealed a dose-related effect in the reduction of lithogenic substances, following glycolic acid induced urolithiasis. Results suggest that the Oleanolic acid had significantly reversed the glycolic acid-induced urolithiasis, presumably by preventing the urinary supersaturation of lithogenic substances, especially of oxalate and calcium in a dose dependant manner. These observations indicate that ethanolic extract of roots and oleanolic acid can play an important role in the prevention of such disorders.

Keywords: Antiurolithiatic activity, Glycolic acid, Lantana camara, Oleanolic acid.

ABSTRACT

Cancer is one of the most dreadful disease of the 20th century and spreading further with continuance and increasing incidence in 21st century. An integrated approach is needed to manage cancer. An alternative solution to western medicine embodied with severe side effects is the use of Ayurvedic preparations to arrest the insidious nature of the disease. Ayurveda, a science of long life, almost 6000 years old, can serve as a “goldmine” for novel drugs used for centuries to treat chronic diseases. Thousands of ayurvedic preparations are being screened worldwide to validate their use as anti-cancerous drugs. Hence, the broad aim of this article is to provide a general outline on description of cancer‟s causes, pathogenesis and therapeutic management from an ayurvedic perspective underlying its scientific principles involved in treating these conditions with the use of natural products.

Keywords: Cancer, Ayurveda, Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment of Cancer.

ABSTRACT

Irrational Drug Combinations or Fixed Dose Combinations(FDCs) are combinations of two or more active drugs in a single form.The rationality of a fixed dose combination is the most controversial and debated issue in today’s clinical practice. Combination drugs increase the risk of side effects, lead to an ineffective dosage and liability to abuse and may also needlessly increase the cost. Drug combinations make it more difficult to find the causative agent responsible for the adverse reactions. In many cases their stability is doubtful, reducing the efficacy of many preparations. The Fifteenth WHO model list of essential medicines contains only 25 approved fixed dose combinations, whereas in some countries, there are innumerable examples of irrational drug combinations, which are easily available and can be bought even without a prescription. A system of screening the drug combinations that are already licensed and available in the market is implemented in many developed and developing countries.

Keywords: irrational drug, drug combinations, fixed dose combinations (FDCs).

ABSTRACT
Metabolic Syndrome is clustering of components that include hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia,
reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and abdominal obesity. Garcinia indica belonging to family
Clusiaceae commonly called as ‗Kokum‘ is found in Maharashtra, Goa and the south west regions of India. Fruits of Garcinia indica have been suggested in the Indian system of medicine for a number of diseases. It possesses hydroxyl citric acid which reduces appetite, inhibits fat synthesis, lipogenesis, decreases food intake and reduces body weight. So, it can be used for Metabolic Syndrome because weight loss is beneficial for treating all of the components of it. So this plant may be very useful in developing new formulations with more therapeutic and economical value for this medical condition.

Key words: Garcinia indica, kokum, metabolic syndrome, weight loss.

ABSTRACT

Alcoholic liver disease represents a spectrum of clinical illness and morphological changes that range from fatty liver to hepatic inflammation and necrosis (alcoholic hepatitis) to progressive fibrosis (alcoholic cirrhosis). The aim of the present review is to describe the current drug therapy, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and risk factors of alcohol liver disease. We conducted a search of the Indian national library of Delhi (AIIMS) for articles published between 2000 and 2012 using the key phrases; epidemiology, alcohol liver disease, drug interaction, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, pharmacological and non pharmacological therapy. All relevant publications were retrieved and their bibliographies were scanned for additional sources. The process of selecting articles involved three stages : i) Title review ii) Abstract review and iii) article review, with specific rejection criteria for each of these stages. Generally studies were excluded if they i) were not written in English ii) were presented only in abstract form iii) literature review not focused on human or human cells. Our article suggests that, more research should be carried out in therapeutic management of alcoholic liver disease.

Keywords: Alcohol, Liver, Disease, Morality, epidemiology and Drugs.

ABSTRACT

Neurotechnology is any technology that has a fundamental influence on how people understand the brain and various aspects of consciousness, thought, and higher order activities in the brain. It also includes technologies that are designed to improve and repair brain function and allow researchers and clinicians to visualize the brain.

Keywords: Neurotechnology, Imaging, Brain function